静态资源关系观及其批判

最近几十年里,关于人类资源关系的辩论越来越激烈。学者们大致形成了两个对立的流派。资源悲观主义认为,人类资源关系是零和的,一个人群消耗的资源增加了,其他群体可能得到的资源就会减少。因此,随着资源越来越匮乏,人类资源冲突会愈演愈烈。资源乐观主义认为,人类资源关系是非零和的,资源冲突能够避免。悲观主义和乐观主义尽管尖锐对立,但有共同缺陷——都是静态理论,对资源关系的解释力有限。对此,本文提出了动态的资源关系理论,能够更好地解释人类资源关系。

Static Resources Relationship Theories and Their Criticism

In recent decades,the debate over the relationship between resources and humankind has become increasingly contentious.Among participating scholars,two opposing schools have emerged.Resource pessimists maintain that natural resources are inherently limited and resource relations among humans are zero-sum games: one gains at the loss of another.For this reason,this group claims that resource scarcity heightens resource competitions,and incites conflicts and wars.Meanwhile,resource optimists argue from the ot...