核事故的赔偿问题

日本《原子能赔偿法》规定原子能经营者对核事故承担绝对责任与无限责任。因此,核事故发生最大的问题就是赔偿范围。在这次事故中,虽然因放射能引起的健康损害还没有现实出现,但是,为避难产生的精神损害、财产损害,对土地建筑物损害,对农业、渔业的损害,谣传损害,清除污染的费用等,赔偿数额巨大。因此,如何确保赔偿资金是重中之重的问题。法律规定的保险等措施(1,200亿日元)是远远不够的。日本的《原子能赔偿法》没有规定国家的赔偿责任,国家构建了原子能损害赔偿支援机构,对该机构交付国债支援赔偿。

The Compensation Issue on Nuclear Accidents

Nuclear Damage Compensation Act in Japan provides absolute and unlimited liability of the operator of a nuclear installation. Therefore the main problem in a case of an accident is not whether the operator is liable or not, but the scope of the nuclear damages. In the nuclear accident in Fukushima damages to agricultural products and fishery or other businesses, damages to lands and houses, damages caused by evacuation, costs of decontamination are to be compensated. If injury to human body caused by exposure to radioactive substances is confirmed in the future, the damages thereof will be also compensated. The aggregate sum of damages will be huge that the financial security of 120 billion yen provided in the Act is not enough. Therefore intervention of the state becomes necessary. The state has established and funded an organization to support the compensation.