The World of China, or China of the Word──100 Years of Chinese Diplomacy

AS a 5,000-year-old civilization,China developed its own politicalideology, which had great influence on its diplomacy. Among themost deep-rooted concepts were"no land under heaven that is notthe emperor's, and no men within the four seas thatare not his subjects" and the "country of the mandateof heaven."These concepts were closely related.Throughout the dynasties, Chinese emperors sawthemselves as the sons of heaven, having the mandate of heaven to rule the world. Theoretically, allthe lan…