国家环境危险防御义务的二元制度结构

环境危险防御义务是国家环境保护义务的主要类型之一,其要求国家公权力采取措施对环境危险因素加以干预和排除。为实现国家环境危险防御义务,在管制行政相对人行为的“外部效力”面向上,应强化立法权对行政权的约束;在约束国家行为的“内部效力”面向上,司法权应对行政权保持必要之谦抑。排除环境危险、维护环境权益是当前中国环境法治的重要任务,需要根据“外部效力/内部效力”的二元制度结构进行有针对性的分析,通过国家公权力的合理配置实现国家环境危险防御义务。

The Binary Structure of National Obligation of Defense against Environmental Danger

National obligation of defense against environmental danger is a major part of national obliga-tions of environmental protection,which requires that public power should take measures to interfere with or e-liminate factors of environmental danger. In order to assume this defense obligation,legislative power to con-trol administrative power should be strengthened from the perspective of“external validity”to control the ad-ministrative party concerned;in the meanwhile,the judicial power should be restrained to a proper degree in respecting administrative power with regard to the“internal validity”to control national conducts. It is a vital mission to eliminate environmental danger and to protect environmental interests in the current ruling of envi-ronmental law in China. The binary structure of“external and internal validity”should be analyzed specifical-ly so as to accomplish national obligation against environmental danger by proper allocation of public power.