犯罪中止有效性的因果关系分析

有效性是犯罪中止成立的条件之一,其首先应理解为是中止行为的性质,而不是中止行为的实际效果。有效的中止行为应该是出于行为人真诚的努力,是合乎情理的,在一般情况下是足以防止既遂结果的。基于这一前提,虽中止行为与既遂结果未发生之间只有部分因果关系,也应肯定中止行为的有效性;在犯罪行为根本不可能导致既遂结果出现的不能犯中,只要其后的中止行为符合以上标准,也可成立中止犯;行为人虽实施了中止行为,但由于其意志以外的原因,既遂结果还是发生了时,如果这一原因确实是出乎行为人意料之外的,且中断了行为人先前的犯罪行为与既遂结果之间的因果关系,则仍可成立中止犯。

On Causality-analysis of the Validity of Crime Abandonment

The validity is a factor of the abandonment of crime. The validity is the character of the abandonment, not the actual effectiveness of the abandonment. An effective abandonment is an act by the actor’s sincere efforts, a reasonable act, and an act with the possibility of preventing the consequences of the crime from occurring in the ordinary course of events. Based on the premise, on condition that there are partly causality between the act of abandonment and the non-occurring consequence, the act of abandonment is effective. In the context of the impossible attempt, the consequence is impossible to occur. If the act of abandonment matches the mentioned condition, it is an effective abandonment. Finally, if the actor abandons the crime, but the consequence occurs with the cause independent of the will of the criminal element, and if the cause breaks the causality between the earlier crime and consequence, so his act is still an abandonment of crime.