反垄断法中核心设施的界定标准——相关市场的视角

反垄断法核心设施理论中争议最大的是对核心设施的界定。以往的界定方法尽管都在一定程度上揭示了核心设施的一些特性,但仍然存在明显的不足。其中,美国"MCI"案中法院提出的标准存在逻辑上的同语反复;公共利益标准将有待澄清的问题转化为了另一个不确定的问题;竞争者标准忽略了市场的整体效果;消费者偏好标准只是对于特定情况的处理,不能成为一个基本的判断标准。核心设施界定的关键是对"不可复制性"的理解,通过借鉴相关市场界定的方法,可以确定替代发生的范围,以及替代实现的程度,从而对正确地适用核心设施理论提供新的思路。

The Criteria of Defining Essential Facilities:In the Perspective of Relevant Markets

How to define essential facilities is the most controversial issue in antitrust law theories.Traditional ways of demarcation tends to focus on revelation of the characteristics of essential facilities that have proved far from satisfactory,among which,the criterion laid down by the court in the case of MCI seems tautological in logic;the public welfare criterion appears to transfer a vague issue into an even indefinite one;while the competitor standard ignores the integral effectiveness of the whole market;and the standard based on consumers' preference only applies to special cases which cannot be held a basic judgment standard.Thus,the present endeavor maintains that the key point to define essential facilities is to take into account "non-duplication." By reference of the demarcation of relevant markets,the scope and extent of replacement can be determined,which may show a new way to apply the Essential Facility Doctrine.