刑法中侵犯专利权犯罪的探究与完善

《刑法》分则中对“假冒他人专利罪”的规定十分笼统,使该罪在理论上和实践中均存有诸多争议。假冒他人专利在实践中的表现形式尽管多种多样,但其实质则在于将一项不享有专利权的产品或方法冒充专利权人的专利产品或者专利方法。因此,假冒他人专利罪在客观方面表现为:行为人以谋利为目的,在自己制造和销售的产品上使用专利权人专用的专利标记或专利号,或将自己使用的方法冒充他人的专利方法的行为,据此,该罪区别于未经专利权人许可而在专利权保护期间擅自实施其专利的专利侵权行为;区别于将非专利产品冒充为专利产品、将非专利方法冒充为专利方法的冒充专利的行为;以及区别于引发专利权归属之争的骗取专利权的行为。现行《刑法》对“假冒他人专利罪”的规定在文字和功能两方面存在缺陷,因此,应对侵犯专利权的行为、冒充专利的行为、亲告罪的设置等方面作修改,以期专利权刑法保护的完善。

Explore and Improve the Crime of Infringing Patent Right in the Criminal Law

The criminal offence of passing off the patent faces much dispute in theory and practice for its regulation in the specific provisions of the Criminal Law is very general.The performance of the offence of passing off the patent is multifarious,but its essence is imitating others' patent products or means.Thus the objective performance of this criminal is that the actor who aimed to profit himself uses patent mark or license of patentee in his making or marketing product.From this,such offence is not the same as the behavior that using patent in the period of patent protection without the patentee's admission,also not the same with the behavior of imitating the patent product or means with no-patent product or means.Regulation of the offence of passing off the patent in the Criminal Law available in China have limitation in stating and function,therefore,this regulation in the Criminal Law should make infringing behavior and imitating behavior criminalized to perfect patent right protection in the Criminal Law.