论过失共同犯罪的责任根据

传统的观念一向是由共同犯罪的本质学说来完成过失共同犯罪的责任成立根据这个任务的,但是过失共同犯罪的问题涉及到过失犯罪本身的成立基础,它与一般的故意犯罪存在着区别,应该从共犯本质和过失犯罪的本质两方面出发探讨这个问题。不同的共同犯罪本质学说提出了多种评价过失共同犯罪成立与否的标准,其中共同注意义务的违反说不仅包含了过失共同行为人的共同心理联系和行为联系,也从外部的客观规定上给予过失的行为共同以根据。由此,基于对过失犯的本质认识,以及对意思联络、行为共同以及共同的注意义务违反三者之间关系的分析,本文认为,判断过失共同犯罪成立与否的不可或缺的重要依据,是共同注意义务违反中“共同”的意旨即行为人之间存在的彼此监督的义务。

Foundation of Liability in Offense of Joint Negligence

According to the traditional ideas,the foundation of liability in joint negligence is laid by the essential doctrine of joint offense.Since offense of joint negligence involves with the foundation of negligent offense,it differs from the ordinary intentional crime.The liability in offense of joint negligence should be discussed from the natures of joint offense and negligent offense.Among various doctrines concerning the nature of joint offense,breach of joint duty of care contains not only the mental connection of coactors but also the objective connection of joint behavior.On the basis of mental connection,joint behavior and the breach of joint duty of care as well as the relationship among them,the author believes that the essential foundation in the offense of joint negligence is the duty of coactors' supervision over each other.