Forensic osteological investigations in Kosovo |
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| Authors: | Rainio J Hedman M Karkola K Lalu K Peltola P Ranta H Sajantila A Söderholm N Penttilä A |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 40 (Kytösuontie 11), Helsinki, Finland;2. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland;3. Helsinki City Health Department, Helsinki, Finland;1. Department of Animal & Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84 Athens, Greece;2. Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece;3. Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, United Kingdom;1. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Energy, via Lambruschini 4, 20156, Milan, Italy;2. Lappeenranta University of Technology, LUT School of Energy Systems, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851, Lappeenranta, Finland;1. University Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia;2. University of Split, School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia;3. Clinical Department for Pathology, Legal Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Center Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia;1. Department of Legal Medicine Linköping, National Board of Forensic Medicine, Linköping, Sweden;2. Independent scholar, Bratislava, Slovakia;3. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France;4. Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France;5. Medico-legal Unit, Hospital Lapeyronie, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France;6. Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia;7. University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal;8. National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal;9. Department of Forensic Medicine, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey;10. Unit of Forensic Imaging and Anthropology, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland;11. University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal;12. University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;13. Forensic Medicine Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Greece;14. Laboratory of Anatomy, Biomechanics and Organogenesis (LABO), Forensic Anthropology Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;15. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;p. NC Human Identification & Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, USA;q. Human Variation and Identification Research Unit, School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa;r. Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia;s. Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Odontology (LABANOF), University of Milan, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, The University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA;2. 3040 Oasis Grand Blvd., Fort Myers, FL 33916, USA;3. The College of Physicians of Philadelphia, Mütter Museum, Philadelphia, PA, USA;4. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand;5. University of Hawaii at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822;6. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;7. The United States Marine Corps (Retired), Arlington County, Virginia, United States;8. Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | A team of Finnish forensic experts performed investigations of alleged mass graves in Kosovo under the mandate of the European Union (EU). Human skeletal remains from two locations were examined. The remains contained three almost complete skeletons, and individual bones and bone fragments, part of which were burned. Injuries, pathological changes, and findings for identification purposes were examined and documented using standard methods of forensic pathology and osteology. Gunshot injuries were found in some cases, but reliable determination of the cause and manner of death was not possible. A discrepancy arose between the number of victims reported in information received from the presiding district court, and results of the investigations. The estimation of the minimum number of victims was mostly acquired by DNA analysis. |
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