对73起重大疑难命案的实证分析——从刑事证据的收集、固定、审查判断和运用的角度

命案中的证据收集瑕疵表现为重嫌疑人有罪供述,轻物证、书证;重有罪证据,轻无罪辩解;勘查现场不及时、不细致;非法取证等。证据固定瑕疵表现为靠重复讯问固定证据;不善于运用录音录像固定证据;物证检验不及时;刑事技术鉴定结论不明。证据审查判断和运用瑕疵表现为轻信鉴定结论等科技证据;忽略物证证明的间接性;依赖口供又不会运用口供;不能正确对待嫌疑人的辩解;不能正确认识证据数量和证明力的关系;不善于排除证据矛盾。造成这些瑕疪的原因在于不能准确把握"命案必破"的内涵;办案思维方法不正确;不会把握证据确实、充分的定罪标准等。建议强化责任意识;增强人权意识;强化证据意识;正确运用有罪口供;建立切实可行的非法证据排除制度;制订科学合理的考核办法。

Guilty of Not Guilty: An Empirical Analysis on 73 Disputed Murder Cases

Aiming at some disputed murder cases, the procuratorates and public security bureaus of a certain province conducted a survey. According to the survey, the 73 disputed murder cases have problems in common, that is the problems in collecting, examining, judging and using evidence. The survey has found the reasons that caused the problems above lie in the guidelines and the thinking mode of investigation. To improve the investigative work, some suggestions have been proposed in the present paper.