基于国家效用函数的中国保险制度变迁评析

现代保险业是一种提供风险保障和增进资源配置效率的制度安排。由于中国特殊的二元经济结构，决定了国家在保险制度选择中的主导地位。本文运用国家效用函数分析我国保险制度变迁的动因，研究发现：国家产权垄断程度越高，国家的控制成本越大，国家效用值就越低；而市场化程度越高，竞争主体的创新能力越强，带来的国家效用值也越大，这也是中国保险制度在改革开放三十年来成功实现从高度垄断向多元化竞争转变的真正动因，也是中国保险制度适应市场经济需要的理性选择。

An Evaluation and Analysis of the Evolution of China Insurance System: Based on National Utility Function

Modern insurance is a systematic arrangement to offer risk guarantee and improve resource allocation efficiency. Due to the special duel economic structures, the leading role of state in the insurance system selection is determined. The paper makes use of state efficiency function to analyze the reason of the country's insurance system innovation. The paper points out：the higher the state proprietary monopoly degree and the larger the state's control cost, the lower the state's efficiency; the higher the marketization degree and the stronger the innovation ability of the competitors, the higher of the country's efficiency. This result is also the real motivator that drives Chinese insurance system to successfully transfer from high centralization to diversified competition during 30 years of reform and opening. Furthermore, it is also the rational choice of Chinese insurance system adapting to the market economy.