关于完善我国司法救助制度的几个基本问题——以修订《民事诉讼法》为背景所进行的探讨

司法救助制度是直接关涉相关主体能否实际、有效地利用诉讼机制以维护自身合法权益的重要制度,其之完善与否,事关宏旨。我国的司法救助制度虽然已有数年历史,但不论是在基本法理方面,还是在规则体例、具体内容以及其实施效果方面,与应然状态及实际需要相比,均存在诸多不足。本文在对该项制度的不足之处加以分析的基础上,从以下几个主要方面提出了完善建议:(1)司法救助制度应由《民事诉讼法》而非司法解释加以规定;(2)实施司法救助所需之成本应由国家作专项开支而非由救助法院自行负担;(3) 司法救助的适用主体形态应合理拓展至单位当事人;(4)司法救助的适用条件亟待进行“改良”。

Several Issues in the Perfection of China's Judicial Relief System

The legal relief system is a vital component of the civil procedure law since it determines whether relative parties can practically and effectively utilize the civil procedure to vindicate their legal rights and interests. The legal relief system in China has already existed for several years, but it is far from perfection not only in regard to its supporting theories, but also in regard to its contents, rules and effects. Based on the analysis of these deficiencies, this essay raises suggestions from the following aspects: (1) the legal relief system should be prescribed in "Civil Procedure Law" instead of in judicial explanations; (2) the cost of the legal relief system should be bared by the country by means of budgetary appropriation rather than by the individual courts; (3) the application range of the system should be extended to the corporations and other entities; (4) the conditions of the application of the system should be amended.