国内新冠肺炎疫情下的工作、家庭关系及其对负面情绪影响的性别差异

本文旨在探讨两性面对新冠肺炎疫情时害怕、焦虑、担忧这些典型负面情绪的变化,以及疫情期间工作、家庭关系的变化对负面情绪影响的性别差异。借助2020年1月至3月在国内疫情上升期和下降期对同一批受访者的网络追踪调查,本文发现,虽然在疫情初期女性比男性表现出更多的负面情绪,但随着国内疫情趋于好转,女性负面情绪已降至与男性同一水平。疫情给女性工作带来的消极影响比男性大,这不利于女性负面情绪的改善;较之男性,女性负面情绪的改善更多受到家庭关系的影响,尤其是对于工作出现消极变化的女性,家庭关系的改善能够缓和工作损失对她们情绪的不利影响。

Work,Family Relationships and Their Gender-Based Influences on Negative Emotions in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study investigates changes in gender-based differences between women and men’s exposures to negative emotions,including fear,stress and anxiety,during the COVID-19.It also examines whether these changes were related to changes in work and family relationships that had affected men and women’s negative emotions differently.We conducted an online survey across China in January 2020 during the initial outbreak of COVID-19 and then followed up with the same respondents at the end of March 2020.The findings show that despite women revealed a higher level of negative emotions than men did at the initial stage of the pandemic,the negative emotions were overall alleviated for both sexes and the gender gap disappeared as the domestic pandemic was brought under control.Compared with men,women suffered greater losses in work during the pandemic,which resulted in a rise of their negative emotions.However,the improvement of family relationships would have been beneficial for women’s emotional wellbeing more than for men’s.Moreover,for women who experienced job losses due to the pandemic the improvement of their family relationships could help them address the negative emotions caused by the losses.