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A Fatality Following Ingestion of the Designer Drug Meta‐Chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in an Asthmatic—HPLC‐MS/MS Detection in Biofluids and Hair
Authors:Yvan P. Gaillard Pharm.D.   Ph.D.  Anne‐Claire Cuquel Pharm.D.  Alexandra Boucher Pharm.D.  Ludovic Romeuf M.Sc.  Fabien Bevalot Pharm.D.  Jen‐Michel Prevosto Pharm.D.  Jean‐Marie Menard M.D.
Affiliation:1. Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, LAT LUMTOX, 800 Avenue Marie Curie ZI Jean Jaurès, 07800 La Voulte sur Rh?ne, France;2. Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, LAT LUMTOX, 98 avenue des frères Lumière, 69008 Lyon, France;3. Additional information and reprint requests:;4. Yvan Gaillard, Pharm.D., Ph.D.;5. Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, LAT LUMTOX;6. 800 Avenue Marie Curie;7. 07800 La Voulte sur Rh?ne;8. France;9. E‐mail: y.gaillard@latlumtox.com;10. Ecole du Service de Santé des Armées, 331 avenue du Général De Gaulle, 69500 Bron, France;11. Centre d'Evaluation et d'Information sur la Pharmacodépendance, 162 A avenue Lacassagne, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France;12. H?pital d'Instruction des Armées Desgenettes, 108 boulevard Pinel, BP25 69998 Lyon Armées, France;13. Cabinet médical, 5 avenue du principal Pastour, 06602 Antibes Cedex, France
Abstract:A 20‐year‐old man, a cocaine addict and regular ecstasy user, with a medical history of allergic asthma died after ingesting half a tablet earlier the same day. The white tablet, stamped with a “smiling sun” logo looked very much like an ecstasy tablet and was sold as such. He experienced a severe asthma attack just after ingesting the half tablet and it evolved over the next few hours into fatal cardiorespiratory arrest. Biological samples, taken after embalming, were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). Analysis revealed meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) in concentrations of 45.8 mg in a similar tablet obtained later from the drug dealer, 5.1 ng/mL in the bile, 0.3 ng/g in the liver, 15.0 ng/mL in the urine, and its absence in a hair sample (<0.02 ng/mg), which indicated he was not a regular user (whereas strong concentrations of MDMA and cocaine were found in the hair). Interrogated by the police after his arrest, the dealer said that he had sold the victim and for the very first time two tablets with the same “smiling sun” logo. The tablet used for analysis was from the same brand as the one ingested by the victim. The autopsy excluded other causes of death, while the histological analyses showed a large number of polynuclear eosinophils in the bronchial walls, confirming the asthmatic pathology. None of the other organs examined (larynx, liver, heart, adrenal glands, and kidneys) showed any distinctive signs, and in particular no inflammatory infiltrate. The death was the result of an asthma attack in an asthmatic person, violently decompensated following ingestion of approximately 20 mg of mCPP.
Keywords:forensic science  meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP)  death  poisoning  HPLC‐MS/MS
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