论死刑案件中被害人过错的司法认定

被害人过错是多部刑事法律文件中规定的一个重要的量刑情节,但由于其并非法定量刑情节,作为酌定量刑情节缺乏统一的认定尺度,公检法对该情节的重视程度不够等原因导致司法实践中认定困难,且易导致量刑失衡。应将被害人过错作为法定量刑情节,在正确认定被害人过错存在的基础上,从其主观罪过、行为程度、侵害客体、对犯罪行为发生的原因力大小等角度予以细化考量影响被害人过错的因素,并通过数理化模型来分析被害人过错对犯罪行为发生的刺激作用,从而正确认定被害人过错对刑事责任的影响,体现罪责刑相适应的基本原则,贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,充分发挥刑罚的一般预防功能,实现罪刑相当。

Judicial Identification of the Victim's Fault in Capital Case

The victim＇s fault is an important sentencing situation regulated in many criminal documents,however,it is not a statutory sentencing situation,so it lacks of unified scale as the discretionary circumstances of sentencing,and the public security departement,the procuratorate and the court didn＇t pay more attention to it,which leads to the confirmation difficulties in judiciary practices and the unbalance of sentencing.So the victim＇s fault shoud be the statutory sentencing situation,and on the basis of correctly confirming the existence of the victim＇s fault,we should detailedly consider the factors of the victim＇s fault from the subjective fault,behavior,the object of infringement,the causes of criminal behavior,and analyze the stimulation of the victim＇s fault to criminal behavior by mathematical model,so as to correctly confirm the effect of the victim＇s fault to criminal liability,which shows the basic principle of Suiting Responsibility and Punishment to Crime and the Criminal Policy of Combining Punishment with Leniency,and fully develop the prevention function of criminal punishment and realize proportionate punishment to crimes.