析哈贝马斯集体认同理论的局限性

哈贝马斯的集体认同理论，以后民族主义和宪法爱国主义为两大框架，以两德统一、欧洲联盟以及移民与全球化浪潮为三大背景。通过回顾历史、考察当下，哈贝马斯认为，现代欧洲政治共同体的建立应突破民族认同，以宪法爱国主义将取代民族主义。然而，在这片深深扎根于民族主义的土地上能否结出后民族主义的果实？超民族的欧洲共同体是否可欲，致力于构造欧洲认同的宪法爱国主义能否可行？本文认为无论是后民族主义还是宪法爱国主义?都在一定程度上存在着理论缺陷，在政治实践中也将不可避免地遭遇现实挑战。哈贝马斯将自己的理论建立在规范与现实之间的空场之上，注定是在任何一方都找不到牢固的话语根基。

On the Limitations of Collective-identifying Theory Advanced by Habermas

Using Post-nationalism and Constitutional Patriotism as two theoretical framework, Habermas put forward collective-identifying theory on the background of German reunification, the European Union, immigration wave and globalization. Reviewing the history, investigating the present, and looking forward to the future, Habermas believes that the establishment of modern European Political Community should breakthrough national identification, replace nationalism with Constitutional Patriotism, in order to adapt to the cultural diversity of modern society. However, can post-nationalism bloom and bear fruit in this deeply-rooted nationalism land? Is a supranational European Community desirable? Can the constitution patriotism which is dedicated to the construction of European identity be feasible? Since the theory was put forward, the discussion is never end, and the comments are differing. This article reviews that both post-nationalism and the Constitution Patriotism have some theoretical defects in a certain extent, and are bound to encounter inevitable challenges in the political practice. Habermas’s theories are built on the vacuum between Norms and reality, doomed to lose foundation on either side.