我国刑法第13条“但书”的司法适用分析

但书司法适用的现状暴露出令人担忧的问题,归结起来,集中表现在两个方面:但书司法适用少,作为支撑无罪司法判决的法律依据引用的更少;但书司法适用不统一、不协调。对此,论证和阐明但书司法适用的必要性和可行性是当务之急。从必要性角度分析,传统犯罪构成理论体系的完善需要出罪机制的建立;是刑事诉讼法适用的内在需要和实体前提。从可行性角度分析,是刑法总则统率、指导分则的内在要求和具体体现;是法律规范基本构造发挥效用、保持生命力的重要体现;具有司法解释的合法性保障和认可依据。据此,可从程序和实体两个维度构建但书的司法适用路径,使其在司法实践中发挥实效。

On the Judicial Application of the Proviso in Article 13 in Chinese Criminal Law

The present situation of the judicial application o f the proviso has exposed worrying problems, in the aggregate, it focuses on two aspects： the judicial application of the proviso is very little, especially referred to as the legal basis of support acquittal decisions; the proviso do not have a unified or uncoordinated judicial application. To this, demonstrate and clarify the necessity and feasibility of judicial application of the proviso is the top priority. From the perspective of necessity, the improvement of traditional constitution of crime theory system needs to set up impunity mechanism; it is the internal necessity and the prerequisite entity of criminal procedural law application. From the perspective of feasibility, it is the intrinsic requirement and concrete manifestation that the general principles in penal code command, guide specific provisions of criminal law; it is the important embodiment that the fundamental construction of legal norm to be effective and maintain vitality; it also has the legitimacy support and recognition from the judicial interpretation. Accordingly, we can build the judicial applicable path of the proviso from two dimensions of procedure and entity, to make its relevance in the judicial practice.