美国应对“棕色地块效应”的对策及启示

棕色地块（brownfield）主要指市区大量被废弃的、闲置的、未充分利用的工商业废弃物场址。20世纪80、90年代，美国的开发商不顾城市棕色地块的种种优势转向对市郊“绿色地块”的投资，出现了极具讽刺意味的的“棕色地块效应”。导致该效应的原因是严格的责任条款、高昂的整治费用、不确定的整治标准与较长时间的延误。为此，从20世纪80年代开始，美国先后制定了三部法律和采取了一系列的政策举措进行应对，取得极为显著的效果。为我国在工业化、城镇化建设中解决城市污染与振兴城市经济提供了很好的借鉴。

Countermeasures to Reply Brownfields Effect in the USA and Its Inspirations

Brownfields are mainly defined,which were idle,underused,as industrial or commercial sites.In the 80s and 90s of 20th century,developers in USA disregarded the values of brownfields,but for greenfields.Such an ironic situation is defined as "brownfields effect",which is due to strict liability,expensive remediation expenditures,uncertain criteria and long delay.Accordingly,to reply the "brownfields effect",from the beginning of the 80s of 20th century,America enacted there acts and adopted many policy initiatives,which attained huge successes,which is an inspiration for us to treat cities' pollutions and develop economy in accelerating industrialization,constructing cities.