涉数据竞争行为正当性的判定标准分析

数字经济背景下的竞争很大程度上依托于数据的积累和应用,而平台数据具有牵一发而动全身的特点,在其商业模式的影响下,互联网平台经营者之间围绕数据的获取和使用等行为产生了利益冲突。由于我国尚未确立数据相关的权利,现有司法裁判中通常寻诸《反不正当竞争法》第二条进行规制。虽然此举是目前相对可取的模式,但实务中的正当性判定仍存在利益分配不平衡的情况,同时,一般条款亦存在适用边界不明晰的问题。因此,需要对现有司法判定方式进行局部调整,将审视“搭便车”行为、关注消费者利益和市场效果作为改进的一般原则,把相关市场界定和比例原则作为具体操作思路,再从多元视角分配利益格局,以进一步完善涉数据竞争行为的正当性判定标准。

Analysis of the Criteria in Judging the Legitimacy of Data Competition Behavior

Competition in the digital economy largely relies on the accumulation and Application of data,and platform data could affect the whole running process.Affected by this kind of business model,there are conflicts of interests among the operators of Internet platform around the access and use of data.Since it has not yet established data-related rights in China,judges tend to turn to article 2 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law for help.Although this is a relatively desirable choice at the present stage,it still shows an imbalance in the distribution of interests,as well as the lack of clarity in the Application of the article 2.Therefore,it is advisable to reconsider“Free riding”and pay attention to the market effect as the general principles for improvement.Also,taking the relevant market defi nition and the principle of proportionality as the concrete operational thinking,then from the multi-dimensional perspective of the distribution of interest pattern to further improve the legitimacy of data-related competition criteria.