国外生育保护假期制度研究

总览世界各国的假期设置,发达国家以及东欧和中亚等地区,对假期设置更全面、标准更高,具体表现在各个假期的时间更长和福利水平更高,假期类型的设置多样化等方面。与世界各国相比,中国在生育假期设置方面,法定假期长度和福利处于世界前列,但法律法规政出多门,立法目的不利于女职工保护,制度体系不完整,法律法规在不同群体中的落实状况差距较大,企业成本负担过重,政府责任缺失。国外生育保护假期制度中清晰的假期设置理念、科学的假期设置体系、较为合理的成本分担,以及利益相关方角色的准确定位,都对中国修改和完善女职工假期设置具有借鉴和启示作用。

A Study on Foreign Maternity Protection Leave System

Taking the overall situation of leave settings into consideration, maternity leaves are set in an overall high standard in those developed countries, East Europe, and Central Asia. This can be seen from their longer vacations, higher welfares, and diversified leave settings, etc. Compared with those countries, China is in the forefront of the world in aspects of the leave settings, the number and welfare of official leaves. However, the legislative intent in our country is not conducive to the protection of female employees, leading to the current incomplete maternity protection leave system, wide differing enforcement of laws and regulations among various groups, and enterprises'' heavy cost burden, etc. Due to lack of government duty and unified policies, hence, improvements of maternity leave settings in China could be used for references from successful foreign maternity protection leave system standards, such as clear leave setting ideas, scientific leave setting systems, more reasonable cost-sharing mechanisms, and stakeholders'' role definitions, and so forth.