明清时期峨昌(阿昌)与中央王朝及周边民族关系研究

明清时期,中央王朝通过土司制度与峨昌(阿昌)民族上层建立起政治隶属关系,峨昌(阿昌)土司倾心归附,发挥了重要的凝聚作用;在统一的政治前提下,中央王朝与峨昌(阿昌)土司之间的关系得到加强,部分峨昌(阿昌)与内地各民族在政治、经济和文化各个方面逐渐出现一体化趋势。异族土司统治下,受汉族、傣族等强势文化影响,峨昌(阿昌)族体进一步向着同源异流的方向发生分化,部分发展为阿昌族,其他发展为景颇族中的载瓦、喇期等支系和彝族支系莨峨人。在民间,峨昌(阿昌)与其他民族处于相对平等的地位,各民族间在日常生活中互相帮助、互通有无、共同发展,形成多元复合的文化特点。

On the Relation Between Echang and Its Neighbors and the Central Government During Ming and Qing Dynasties

During Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Central Government and the Echang Minority established a political hierarchy relationship. The Echang headmen were very loyal to the Central government,who played an important role to the unification of the nation. In the course of the unifying,Echang showed an intendancy to unify with the prevailing Hans in political,economic and cultural fields,thus enhancing the ties with the Central. In ethnic-crossed areas,Echang people,culturally influenced by Han,Bai and other groups,divided into three co-originalgroups of Achang,Zhaiwa and Laqi Branches of Jingpo,Langwo Branch of Yi. In their nongovernmental daily life, Achang enjoyed an equality with other ethnics. They helped another,exchanged necessities and developed side by side,forming Achang's multi-cultural characters.