试论ICSID语境下的适格投资者

适格投资者是解决投资争端国际中心(ICSID)仲裁庭取得管辖权的基石。目前尚无专门的国际条约和国内立法对适格投资者进行准确界定,这导致ICSID仲裁庭在近年的实践中通过对"投资者"进行扩张解释以扩大自身管辖权,这种做法引发了投资者与东道国对于ICSID仲裁庭公正性的强烈质疑与不满,也造成了投资双方的利益失衡。各国在未来的有效应对措施应当是在双边投资条约中采取列举法对适格投资者的范围做出具体规定,同时规定条款的解释权属于缔约国。

A Legal Definition of Foreign Investor of ICSID

The jurisdiction of ICSID is based on whether a investor is qualified or not according to the definition of ICSID o However, there is not any specific and explicit standard to assess a quali fied investor, which in turn resulting in the expansion explain of the definition by ICSID arbitral tri bunal and enlarging its own jurisdiction. Both the investors and host countries are unsatisfied with the practice of the ICSID tribunal and query its justice, because they suffer more eat damage. Therefore, it is necessary for every contracting country to stipulate the detailed range of the qualified investor by enumerating a list in BITs. Meanwhile, expressing that contracting countries have the rights to interpret the provisions of BITs is also needed.