反对解释的场景及主体

反对解释是法治社会的一个原则。这一原则强调,对明确的法律规范,尤其是强制性法律规范,法官等法律人应该直接认定其意义并加以贯彻,而不能解释,尤其不能过度解释。反对解释的场景是个审判等活动“语境”的问题,但由于场景都是片断,因而难以从理论上系统叙述,所以,我们只是把场景作为思考的起点和归宿,在法治理念下叙说反对解释的一般要求。我们相信,法制要求人们对法律规范的固有意义保持克制,要求尊重法律的权威。能动主义是一种克服司法机械的思路。司法能动主义者几乎把严格等同于机械。但法制恰恰是因为有了适度严格才显示其魅力,如果到处能见到灵活那就不可能有法制。近百年来,几乎所有的法学都围绕着维护或破除法律的严格(或机械)而展开。但从法制基本教义看,司法克制主义是主流,而能动主义只能在克服法律过于死板,或协调法律与社会正义的严重冲突时才显现其功用。反对解释的主体是所有的适法人员,对不同的主体有不同的要求。

Opposite Interpretation: Its occasion and Subject

As a basic principle of rule of law,opposite interpretation of law claims that a clear legal norm,especially a compulsory norm,should not be interpreted excessively by lawyer such as a judge,and its plain meaning should be determined and applied in cases directly.The occasion of opposite interpretation is a problem of adjudication's context and it is difficult to describe in theory in whole,and so it has been a start point and goal of thinking in the context of idea of rule of law.We believe that legal norm should be restricted in its proper meaning as the requirement of rule of law,and thus the authority of law can be respected.Judicial activism is an approach different from judicial mechanism.Rule of law is impossible without the strict rule of law.Almost all legal theories for 100 years pay more attention to attack the idea of strict rules,but from the dimension of rule of law,judicial restraint is required and judicial activism is only possible when the rules are so rigid that it is contradict with social justice.He who applies the law is the subject of opposite interpretation,and different requirements have been presented to different subject.