康德对两种伦理观的批判与继承（下）

由于苏格拉底没有规定出善的具体内容,因而就发展为后来的两个对立的派别,即居勒尼学派和犬儒学派。两派围绕善是什么而展开争论。居勒尼学派主张一种感性快乐主义,它发展为后来的伊壁鸠鲁的快乐主义和近代的功利主义。犬儒学派主张,人要过一种节衣缩食的生活,在这种生活中不受情欲的干扰,而达到一种纯正的理性自由,从而否认了情欲,所以又称犬儒学派为刻苦论。但犬儒学派把人的主观性只是把握为个人的主观性,而没有同客观的社会生活伦理达到统一,认为善恶的真理性完全取决于个人的主观性,因此,这个主观性也就不可能指要遵守合理的社会规…

Kantian''''s Criticism and Inheritance to Two Ethics

Though there are many different ethics groups and different ideas in ethical history, there still is one basic problem-the problem of unity of opposites between people's perceptual lust need and rational moral rule. Every ethicist has his different answer to this problem. To these answers, we can divide them into two big groups-ethics empiricism and ethics rationalism. Kantian revealed two groups' disadvantages in ethics history and absorbed the advantages and set up his own moral system. Though there are some historical restrictions in Kantian's moral system, there still are significance that we can use for reference to stress on administering a country according to law and moral and establishing socialist moral system.