医疗物品致人损害责任的举证制度研究

医疗物品致人损害责任是医疗损害责任的一种特殊形式，同时又具有产品责任的某些特点。对外．药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械致损的归责原则是无过错原则；而血液致损的归责原则是过错原则。对内。医疗机构承担的是无过错责任．因此在无过错时有权向最终的责任主体追偿。医疗物品责任实行的是“谁主张。谁举证”的归责原则，因此受损害方承担了证明医疗损害责任三个构成要件的证明责任；而医疗产品生产商和医疗机构都可以通过举证《产品质量法》规定的法定情况的存在而免责，但医疗机构不得对“未投入流通”这一情况而免责．血液提供机构承担了证明自己不存在过错的举证责任。为了更好的平衡举证责任和举证能力．我国应该对与证据价值密切相关的两个制度证据保全和医疗鉴定予以完善。

Research on Burden of Proof of Medical Supplies Liability

As a special form of medical damage liability,Medical supplies liability has some characteristics of product liability.In terms of imputation principle,on one hand,medical institutions and producers of medical products have to take responsibility for damages on patients which are caused by its medicines,disinfectants and medical equipment even if they do have no faults,whlie blood providers only take responsibility for their own faults if blood causes damages.On the other hand,medical institutions also enjoys a fault liability principle by which,if they have no faults,they are entitled to claim recovery from theorginal supplier who should take responsibility.Medical supplies liability adopts the principle of burden of proof in the way of "he who is affirming must prove",that means the aggrieved party must prove the three constituent elements of medical supplies liability.In the meantime medical institutions and producers of medical supplies can relieve from the responsibility by proving the existence of a particular case stipulated in the "Product Quality Act" except for a term that is "the product does Not put into circulation".Blood providers need to prove that they have no fault if they want to get away from the responsibility.In order to better balance the burden of proof and the competency of proof,China needs to improve its system of evidence preservation and medical identification.