论国家安全生产的外部性

国家安全生产存在外部性，一是由于政府的强制征税能够克服“不付费乘客”问题，由于政府免费供应解决安全保卫产品这一公共商品的边际成本为零问题，具有外部经济性；二是由于国家安全生产目标模糊性而导致的其激励、约束、信息传递等机制扭曲，由于其运营垄断性而导致的价格和产出的损失、寻租行为和Ｘ无效率，由于其运作机制行政性而导致一般不必考虑破产和竞争的约束和激励，而通常表现为“规避错误”机制上，由于其产权的“公地悲剧”性而导致具有“双重人格”的国防人员对国家安全生产这一公共商品的“寻租”，由此必然使国家安全生产存在着外部不经济

On Externality of National Safe Production

This paper is an attempt to explore the externalty of national safe production. It concerns two questions: one is the outside economy, and the other is the outside non economy. Because of free rider problems settled by government tax and zero marginal cost problems settled by government free supply, the national safe production has the outside economy. On the other hand, the outside non economy has some reasons. They includes: The targets uncertainty causes unefficiency of motivation mechanism, constraint mechanism and information mechanism. The monopoly causes the loss of price and output, the rent seeking and X non efficiency. Plan mechanism makes no consideration of bankrupt and competition but consideration of the mistake of evading. The public lawn tragedy problems cause rent seeking of the national defence people, and therefore the outside non econmy exists in the national safe production.