英国近代自然主义文学的肇始形态

英国近代文学发轫于文艺复兴。除乔叟、莎士比亚、琼生等的人文主义的社会主题创作外,自然主义的创作也随着时代的变革而兴起。这一新潮流虽不直接参与社会政治冲突,却从更深层面触及到世界观的转变,开辟了有别于中世纪以及上古时代的崭新的自然观,并从根本上奠定了近代英国人社会变革活动的精神基础。随着资本主义体系的确立和壮大,英国自然主义文学传统的影响也不断深化和扩展,对后世的自然史、博物志、自然科学乃至自然哲学的发展都起到了巨大的推进作用。

Beginning of Modern English Naturalism Literature

Modern English literature began during the renaissance period.Besides the humanist creative writing with social themes by Chaucer,Shakespare,Jonson and others,the naturalism writing was uprising by that time for the changing of social life.This new trend reflected the changing of the people’s world view in deeper layers though it didn’t involve in the political conflicts,and established a new nature view which was different from that of Middle Ages and ancient times,and laid the spiritual basis for modern Englishman’s social struggle.In the following centuries,as the capitalist system had eventually formed and grown,the influence of English naturalist literary tradition expanded and put forward the study on natural history,biology,natural science and natural philosophy in England.