大鼠闭合性脑损伤酯化银和白蛋白组织化学研究

目的 研究闭合性脑损伤立即死亡和伤后 15min至 5天的大鼠脑组织病理变化。方法 应用 HE染色法观察闭合性脑损伤的组织形态学变化。结果 伤后立即死亡组大鼠脑干、大脑和小脑大量神经元表现为皱缩 (Ⅰ型变 )和肿胀 (Ⅱ型变 ),脑干大片神经纤维波浪样变形;伤后 2～ 8h,出现神经元水肿和轴索肿胀明显;伤后 8～ 24h,出现轴索收缩球。之后,Ⅰ型变、Ⅱ型变和收缩球随存活时间延长而增多加重。伤后 4～ 5天,组织水肿减轻或消失,收缩球仍存在。酯化银染色观察,各种损伤性改变均较 H.E.染色更清晰。 ABC法,血浆 Al随伤后时间延长,从血管周围逐渐向周围扩散,并进入损伤的神经元和胶质细胞。结论 脑震荡性损伤改变呈冲击性、对冲性和向心性分布。

A study on pathological changes of closed diffuse brain injury in rats with H.E., esterification-silver stain and albumin immunohistochemical stain

OBJECTIVE: To observed the pathological changes of closed diffuse brain injury in the rats died immediately and 15 min to 5 days after the injury. METHODS: H.E. staind and esterification-silver stain were applied to investigate the closed diffuse brain injury. RESULTS: In rats died immediately after the concussive injury, a number of shrunken neurons(type I change), distended neurons(type II change) and wave-like nerve fibers were identified in the brain tissue, especially in brain-stem. At 2 h and 8 h after injury, brain edema and axonal swelling appeared clearly in the cortex and white matter, especially in brain-stem. At post-traumatic 8 h and 24 h, the axonal retraction balls began to appear. The amount of neurons undergoing type I and II changes and constraction balls increased along with the survivor time. After 4 days and 5 days, brain edema alleviated, but the retraction balls and axonal swelling still existed. With Esterifica-tion silver stain, the above changes of neurons and nerve fibers were more obvious. With ABC stain, the distribution of albumin(Al) was extended from the perio-vascular area to diffuse distribution. Al positive staining were more obvious in injuried neurons and nerve fibers. CONCLUSION: The distribution of the concussive damage in the brain are coup, contra-coup and centripental.