惯例的法律适用——基于最高人民法院公报案例的考察

司法中适用惯例,首先需要正确认识惯例的法律属性。本质上,惯例是一种具有"社会规范意义"的事实而非法律。惯例虽然可以成为法官据以作出司法裁判的法源,但是,惯例是一种间接法源而非直接法源。所以,惯例必须经过法官的认可才能够转换为"习惯法",成为案件的判决依据。法官适用惯例首先需要识别、认定和审查惯例。惯例的适用范围限于民商事法律领域,在适用中,惯例只能扮演补充国家制定法的角色。不过,在具体案件中,惯例适用的规则有所不同。最高人民法院公报案例确认的惯例适用规则,对法官适用惯例具有指导意义。

The Application of Customs as Law:A Study Based on Publicized Cases by the Supreme People's Court

To apply customs in judicial activities,it is firstly necessary to understand the nature of customs in the right way. In essence,customs are facts with the significance of social norms instead of law. Customs could be resources of law by judges to make a decision,they are merely indirect resources instead of direct resources. Therefore,only after the recognition of judges,customs could change into customary law and become the basis of decision. Judges should classify,confirm and review customs. The scope of...