关于构建我国用益物权体系的思考--以三个物权法草案的设计比较为线索

三个物权法草案关于用益物权体系设计的基本指导思想和研究路径基本一致,代表了目前我国用益物权研究的水平。但三个物权法草案对传统与现实、外国经验与中国国情、整理与创新、结构与内容把握的程度不同,其设计的用益物权体系的结构亦同中有异。笔者认为,建立一个科学完善的用益物权体系,应体现以下基本要求:充分反映我国现实生活的需要,具有现实基础和国情特色;用益物权的概念应当体现其质的规定性,界定科学;用益物权的种类应当具有概括性和特定性;用益物权的体系应具有系统性和开放性。在现阶段,我国的应以现实的土地物权利用关系为基础,以房屋和资源的物权利用关系为补充,以使用权为基础概念构建用益物权体系,按土地的用途不同设立建设用地使用权、农用地使用权、地役权、空间使用权;以房屋的物权利用不同设立典权和居住权;另设资源特许使用权。

Research of Chinese Usufruct of Immovable Property Structure System--Clue to three drafts of Real Rights Law's design comprison

Three drafts of Real Rights Law about design of usefruct of immovable property system stands for research level of our country's usufruct of immovable property. They are concordant in leading idea and research route. We should follow these in usufruct of immovable property structure. But, due to deferent research level to tradition and realization, foreign experience and Chinese realization, arrangement and innovation, structure and abstract, three drafts are defferent. These deferences are in names of right sorts, opinions to position of inhabitancy right, spare right and quasi-usufruct of immovable in Real Rights Law, dian's project and range design. The problem is how to deal with the deferences. The auther thinks, firstly, we should estable the standard of scientific Chinese usefruct of immovable property. To estable it scientific and perfectly, usufruct of immovable property system should include the following demands: reflecting our country's realization needs with realization base and feature; the concept with its quality; schematic and given sorts; systemic and open system. At present, we should estable usufruct of immovable property on the basis of using realization earth real right; on supplement of using house and resourse rights with usufruct as a basic concept. According to deferent purpose, estable building use earth right, agriculture ues earth, servitutes praediorum, space use right; according to deferent use of real right of house, estable dian and inhabitancy right, resource patent use right.