权利之间的界限——以美国宪法第一修正案为中心

表达自由与其他宪法权利的规范语句只是作为一种预设存在,它们在水平效力的延展上都是有限度的,彼此之间也是有界限的,所谓的界限主要通过对于权利范围的限制来体现,而在对权利作限制时,其核心部分不应受到憾动。在个案情形下,任何一方的胜出,都会对另一方构成限制,而任何一清晰的主张完全可能会被确认,也完全有可能会被驳倒,指望在两个权利之间划定一条什么固定不变的界限好方便断案是不现实的,权利之间的界限有赖于法益衡量。

Demarcation Line Between Rights: A Perspective of the First Amendment to US Constitution

Freedom of expression and other constitutional rights are anticipate norms and are restricted as to the extension of their horizontal effects.Further,demarcation lines exist between these rights.The scope of a right is deemed as a test in drawing the so-called dividing line.While restricting,however,the core part of any right cannot be interfered with.In any case,any party's prevailing means that the other party's right is restricted.Also,it may well be that an explicit claim is recognized or overturned.As such,hanging on the hope that a fixed demarcation line should be drawn between two rights is by no means realistic.Indeed,the demarcation is dependent upon balancing of interests.