公民概念之演变

探寻公民概念在历史长河中的演变轨迹、分析普遍意义的公民概念 ,对于我们当今领略宪法意义上的公民之精神极为必要。从古希腊与城邦一体的公民、古罗马时期公民的政治身份与民事身份的剥离、中世纪臣民意识的泛滥、市民阶层的悄然兴起 ,到近代资产阶级革命时期公民概念的个人理念凸现以及现代国家之公民概念外延法定、内涵趋于泛化的发展历程表明公民概念始终以政治权利为核心。

On Evolution of the Concept of Citizen

Tracking down the evolution of the concept of citizen in the river of history and establishing a concept of citizen which is of universial significance are necessary for us to appreciate the essence of citizen in constitutional sense. The concept of citizen has undergone a series of evolution stages from integration of citizen with polis in ancient Greece, to separation of citizen's political status from its civil identity in ancient Rome, to excessive spread of subject consciousness in Middle Ages, then to the quiet emerging of citizen estate, to the uprising of individual idea of the concept of citizen in the neoteric bourgeois revolution, and finally to the legally determined extension and generalized intension of the concept of citizen in modern countries. This process of development shows that the concept of citizen all the time focuses on political rights.