近代中国基层司法中的批词研究

批词是传统中国司法活动中重要的司法文书形式。审判官利用批词推动着传统诉讼进程。清代州县诉讼中的批词,无论在适用阶段、对象还是内容上都丰富多变,代表传统全能型审判官在无分行政与司法、实体与程序的情景下对案件处理的一种灵活方式。民国基层司法中批词仍然存在,其在发挥程序性作用方面与清代类似,但在案件的实体问题上已为正式的法律判决书所替代。这种既有关联又有区别的特点显示出近代中国基层司法文化演进的延续性。

Research on Pici in Grass-root Justice of Modern China

PiCi is an important judicial instrument in traditional China,and judges used it to promote litigation.In the Qing Dynasty,the judges had the flexibility to use PiCi without constraints.This represents a Chinese litigation culture that judges did not distinguish between administration and jurisdiction,substantive law and procedural law.Their only purpose was to settle the dispute.In the Republican China,PiCi continued to play a role in procedural,but the legal judgement had replaced it on substantive issue....