Childhood Physical and Verbal Mistreatment,Psychological Symptoms,and Substance Use: Sex Differences and the Moderating Role of Attachment |
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Authors: | Duane F Reinert Carla E Edwards |
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Institution: | (1) Counseling Services, Conception Seminary College, P.O. Box 502, Conception, MO 64433, USA;(2) Department of Psychology, Sociology, and Counseling, Northwest Missouri State University, 2360 Colden, 800 University Dr., Maryville, MO 64468, USA |
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Abstract: | Sex differences in sequelae associated with levels of childhood physical mistreatment and verbal mistreatment were examined
in a non-clinical sample of 272 university students. We predicted and found that both forms of mistreatment are related to
attachment difficulties as well as various adverse psychological symptoms. We hypothesized, based on attachment theory, that
the strength of a child’s attachment to one parent would moderate adverse emotional sequelae of mistreatment by the other
parent. This prediction was only partially supported. Strength of the mother-daughter attachment moderated several of the
adverse psychological symptoms in response to mistreatment by fathers, but mother-son attachment did not so moderate. Strength
of the father-son attachment also did not moderate the symptoms associated with mistreatment perpetrated by mothers, nor did
the father-daughter attachment. These results suggest that, among other relevant factors, sex differences should also be taken
into account in treatment and prevention efforts. |
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Keywords: | Childhood physical mistreatment Verbal mistreatment Attachment theory Psychological symptoms Substance abuse |
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