公司章程“排除”公司法:立法表达与司法检视

我国现行《公司法》中的"公司章程另有规定,从其规定"条款,消解了实践中公司章程"排除"公司法相应条款的合法性危机。然而遗憾的是,对于公司法中的"另有规定"条款之立法筹划与司法裁判问题学界少有系统性研究。从实现章程自治的制度初衷而言,未来公司法规则之修订应充分利用"假设交易"方法、"遵守反之则解释"方法与"单向缺省"方法重新塑构其中的缺省性规范,以进一步明确并扩展公司章程可"排除"的规则范围;同时,相关案件之司法裁判应抛弃公司合同主义的裁判路径和初始章程与后续章程二元界分的裁判标准,转而采用"目的性标准"与"公正度标准",以团体法标准从实质意义上判别公司章程"排除"公司法决议的效力属性。

The Company’ s bylaws “Exclude” the Company Law：Legislative Expression and Judicial Review

In accordance with the Company Law , provisions such as “unless it is otherwise provided for in the bylaw , the bylaw shall be followed” have actually eliminated the crisis of legitimacy that the bylaw will“exclude” corresponding regulations of the company law .Unfortunately , there is lack of systemic research on such otherwise -regulated provisions with regard to legislative scheme and judicial judgment .In compliance with the autonomy of bylaws , in case of amending rules of company law , default rules are suggested to be re-constructed by means of “hypothesis trade”,“abide by or to explain” and“unilateral default” so as to further clarify and expand the exclusive scope allowed by company ’ s bylaws.In the meanwhile , with regard to judi-cial judgment , the theory of company contract should be abandoned along with the dichotomy of initial bylaws and subsequent bylaws .Instead , the“criteria of objectives” and“standard of justice” should be applied .The standard of organizational law should be adopted to essentially determine the effect and its nature of the compa -ny’s bylaw to exclude the company ’s resolution.