论诽谤罪成立之宪法限制

诽谤罪是侵犯名誉权的犯罪,其基本行为方式就是以书面或者口头的形式表达一定的言论,因此诽谤罪的刑法适用必然对作为宪法权利的言论自由权形成一定的限制。同时,言论自由权对于公共权力之监督和民主政治之正常运作具有重要意义,为保障其充分实现,必须对诽谤罪的成立进行合理限制。这种限制是在引入宪法规范和理念的基础上通过对犯罪构成要件作限制解释来实现的。

On the Constitutional Limitation on Crime of Defamation

Crime of defamation is a crime that one defames the others' reputation. Its basic behavior is to express certain speech in written or oral form. Its application will inevitably restrict the freedom of speech that is a constitutional right. Meanwhile, freedom of speech is significant to the normal operation of supervision of public power and democratic politics. In order to ensure its full realization, we must limit the definition of crime of defamation rationally. The restriction will be realized through making restrained explanation to the elements of crime by introducing the norm and idea of the constitution.