马克思怎样评判民主主义——兼论理想信念与幻想信仰的本质区别

前苏联和东欧社会主义国家发生资本主义和平演变以后,民主主义思潮重新活跃起来,他们提出人类的未来不是社会主义取代资本主义,而是民主主义演变社会主义。要想真正搞清楚这种观点错在哪里,必须首先明确理想信念与幻想信仰的本质区别。在此基础上,本文通过回溯马克思对民主主义和空想社会主义的评判,着重考察民主主义信仰的三大目标和五项愿望从何而来,结果发现它们都来自五件落后的思想武器,其中三大目标只能有利于创造和普及机器生产力,但不利于创造和普及智能生产力,而其五项愿望则由于受到机器生产力的限制,因此注定成为"欺蒙人民"的幻想。本文在具备了上述理论前提之后,接着通过考察民主主义与资本主义的关系,根据资本主义形态的历史寿命和当今时代的基本特征,证明前苏联走上资本主义和平演变的道路是从"新幻想"跳回"旧幻想"。

How Marx Criticizes Democratism ... Also on the Essential Distinctions between Convictions and Fantasy Beliefs

Since the capitalist peaceful evolution happened in the former Soviet Union and the socialist coun tries in East Europe, ideological trends of democratism were reactivated. It was claimed that the future of human beings is not that socialism replaces capitalism, but that democratism changes socialism. To clarify the mistakes of this argument, the essential distinction between convictions and fantasy beliefs must be discerned in advance. Based on this analysis, this paper in particular surveyed the sources for the three goals and five expectations of de mocratist beliefs through reviewing Marx＇ s criticism against democratism and utopian socialism. It was discovered that they are all derived from five backward ideological weapons. The three goals are beneficial only to create and disseminate machinery productive forces, but disadvantageous for the creation and dissemination of intellectual pro ductive forces. Due to the restrictions from the machinery productive forces, the five expectations are destined to become fantasies to ＂fool the people. ＂ With these theoretical preparations, tween democratism and capitalism, this paper continues to prove, porary features of capitalism, that the former Soviet Union＇ s shift jump from ＂new fantasy＂ back to the ＂old fantasy. ＂ according through reviewing the relationship be to the historical longevity and contem to the road of capitalist peaceful evolution is a