我国城乡户籍制度改革的误区和路径

目前我国城乡户籍制度改革探索中,还存在着认为改革应主要在中、小城市进行,而不是大城市;应给城市政府充分自主权,中央政府不应深度介入;将征地拆迁或集中居住的农民作为主要对象等误区。研究表明,进一步改革要求地方政府要有公共服务的能力和政治意愿,以不降低城市居民既得公共服务及福利水平为底线,其进展也决定于地方工业化和城市化程度。下一步改革应完善城乡社会保障制度体系、加快农村宅基地确权改革、大力开展城市廉租房的建设、着力解决农民工二代的市民化问题、完善土地和财政制度配套改革、统筹城乡发展和促进城乡制度一体化,尤其是中央政府应从国家建设和公民权的角度来参与和制定户籍改革的相关制度。

The Misunderstandings of and Paths for Urban and Rural Household Registration Reform in Our Country

Currently there are erroneous ideas, in the study of urban and rural household registration reform in our country, such as the following： reform should be taken in medium and small cities instead of large ones; full autonomy should be granted to the city governments with no in-depth intervention from the central government; and the primary targets should be the peasants affected by land acquisition and resettlement or living in concentration. Studies illustrate that further reform requires that local governments have the capacity and political will to provide public services with a bottom line of no decreasing of urban residents＇ vested levels of public service and welfare. Its process will be determined by the degree of local industrialization and urbanization. The next step of reform should improve urban and rural social security system, accelerate property rights reform of the rural housing sites, actively build urban low-rent housing, make efforts to solve the urban residence problem for the children of rural migrant workers, promote supporting reforms in land and financial systems, and balance urban and rural develop- ment and enhance the uniformity of urban and rural systems. In particular, the central government should partici- pate in and formulate institutions related to household registration reform from the perspective of nation building and civil rights.