新农村建设中土地流转的现实问题及其对策

新农村建设中的农地流转和土地利用,要尊重农民的权利和意愿,在农地流转中要节制资本,将资本下乡和合作社限定在为农民和农业生产服务的领域内,防止资本对农民土地的兼并导致农民失业破产。应当采取严格的问责制度和严厉的责任追究制,以制止地方政府权力对农民权益的侵害。同时要建立完善其他法律制度,允许集体建设用地使用权直接入市,改革城乡建设用地挂钩的政策,建立耕地复垦和耕地保护补偿制度。在此基础上,完善关于农民房屋转让的规定,允许房屋所有人与本集体共同对房屋和宅基作出处分,包括向城市人出卖房屋和宅基地,由集体取得建设用地(宅基地)的出让价值,由房屋所有人取得房屋的市场交换价值。

Practical Problems and Countermeasures of Land Transfer in the New Rural Construction

The transfer and utilization of rural land in the new rural construction should respect peasants’rights and their desires.The capital must be limited in land transfer.Moreover,capital to the countryside and cooperation should be limited in the area of agricultural production services,so that the peasants’ bankruptcy can be avoided.In order to restrain local governments from infringing peasants’ legal interests,accountability system must be adopted.At the same time,it is necessary to establish and improve other legal systems,to reform relevant policies of urban and rural land used for construction,and to establish land reclamation and land protection compensation system.After doing these,it is also necessary to improve the provisions about rural housing transfer,and to permit the owners and the relevant collective to dispose the housing or rural homestead,including selling the housing or rural homestead to urban inhabitants.In such a situation,the collective will acquire transfer value of land used for construction,while the owner of the housing will acquire housing’s exchange value.