元认知的结构、功能与开发

元认知是关于认知的认知,是个体对自己的认知加工过程的自我觉察、自我反省、自我评价与自我调节,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个成分,它们相互联系、密不可分.元认知具有自我意识性、调节性、能动性、反馈性、有效性、迁移性等特点,其实质是主体对认知活动的自我意识和自我调节.元认知的发展水平直接制约着个体智力的发展,影响着个体的认知效率,因此教学中对学生进行元认知开发、提高学生的元认知发展水平从而教会学生学习、促进学生智力发展显得尤为重要.

On the Structure, Function and Development of Metacognition

Metacognition is about cognition of cognition. It is the individual's self-awareness, self-examination, self-evaluation and self-regulation in the process of cognition. It consists of metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive experience and metacognitive monitoring which have connections between each other and cannot be separated. Metacognition has the character of self-consciousness, regulation, activity, feedback, validity, transferability of ability, etc. Its substance is the individual's self-consciousness and self-regulation to cognitive activity. The level of metacognitive development directly restricts the development of individual's intelligence and affects the efficiency of individual's cognition. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop the metacognition of the students, and increase their level of metacognitive development in order to teach them how to study and promote their intelligent development.