《民法典》背景下环境保护禁止令的法教义学展开——基于人格权禁令制度的考察

《最高人民法院关于生态环境侵权案件适用禁止令保全措施的若干规定》对于建立健全环境保护禁止令制度具有重要意义。不过,以旨在确保本案诉讼的行为保全制度为基础的环境保护禁止令,并不能完全实现及时制止生态环境损害的目标。《民法典》第997条规定的人格权禁令兼具实体基础与程序规则的功能,具有独立性。基于环境权益具有一定的人格权属性,人格权禁令可适用于制止正在实施或即将实施的生态环境损害行为。人格权禁令制度为基础的环境保护禁止令,其保护范围宜限于物质性环境人格权,适用标准需引入环境保护法禁止性规范;在程序构建方面,有必要区分环境私益保护的一般禁令程序与环境公益保护的紧急禁令程序,同时设置裁执一体化的快速实施程序。

Analysis of Legal Dogmatics of Environmental Protection Injunction in the Context of the Civil Code

The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Application of Injunction in Environmental Torts Cases is significant for the establishment of environmental protection injunction. The environmental protection injunction is based on the protection of the behavior of the litigation in the said case,and is not compatible with the goal of preventing the ecological environment damage in a timely manner. The injunction of personality rights stipulated in Article 997 of theCivil Codeis an independent,substantive and rapid adjudication procedure. Based on the attribute personality rights of environmental rights and interests,the injunction on personality rights provides an opportunity to activate the environmental protection injunction system. Reconstruct the environmental protection injunction system based on the injunction of personality rights. The scope of protection should be limited to material environmental personality rights. The applicable standards need to introduce the prohibition of environmental protection law;in terms of procedural construction,it is necessary to distinguish between the general injunction procedure for environmental protection of private interests and the emergency injunction procedure for environmental public interests protection,and to set up a rapid implementation procedure for the integration of judgment and enforcement.