行政处罚中择一重罚规则的体系化阐释

择一重罚规则的适用面临执法管辖权与高额罚款权归属主体不一的难题。综合执法制度可以部分解决该问题,在综合执法之外,则需分情况适用不同的解决方案。在识别“罚款数额高的规定”时,应根据法定罚的上限而非决定罚来比较罚款的轻重。根据法定罚款额高的法律作出的决定罚,其数额不能低于法定罚款额低的法律所规定的罚款下限。行政机关错误适用择一重罚规则作出罚款决定,人民法院可以作出变更判决,但变更判决要受禁止不利变更规则的约束。在被人民法院判决撤销并责令重作的情形中,行政机关加重对当事人的罚款,通常应证明其加重罚款没有恶意,因裁量逾越被判决责令重作的除外。

Systematic Construction of the Rule of Higher Fine Chosen in the Administrative Penalties

The rule of application of higher fine chosen faces the conflict between the jurisdiction rule and the ownership rule of higher administrative penalty,which can be partially solved by the comprehen-sive administrative law enforcement system.Outside the scope of the comprehensive administrative law enforcement system,different solutions need to be applied in light of different situations.Generally,the upper limit of the statutory penalty,rather than the decisive penalty,should be compared in identifying“the higher statutory penalty”.The amount of the decisive penalty under the law of higher statutory pen-alty should not be less than the lower limit of the lower statutory penalty.The people's court may enter a judgment to modify an administrative penalty imposed as a result of incorrect application of the rule of higher fine chosen,but such modification should be bound by the prohibition of adverse alteration.In cases where the people’s court enters a judgment requiring an administrative agency to take an adminis-trative action anew,the administrative agency should prove that there is no bad faith when it aggregates the fine on the party,except in the situation where the people’s court enters a judgment revoking the al-leged administrative action and requiring the administrative agency to take an administrative action anew because of the overstepping of discretion by the administrative agency.