工作时间适度性研究述评

工时制度是劳动效率、劳动者健康水平、社会经济发展水平等多种因素综合作用的结果。研究基于“适度性”的视角,对工作时间进行文献梳理发现,劳资双方的博弈贯穿于工时制度演变的漫长过程,工作时间的“过”与“不及”均会对劳动者及社会经济发展产生负面影响,适当缩短工作时间有益于劳动者的身心健康和提高劳动生产率。其他差异性因素如性别、职业差异、工作环境、社会福利增减等同样会影响适度工作时间的确定。对于过劳问题、缩短工时的程度、灵活工时制度的运用等方面尚需进一步深入研究。

A Review of Research on Moderateness of Working Time

Working hour system is the result of comprehensive effect of many factors such as labor efficiency, workers’ health level, and socioeconomic development level. Based on the perspective of "moderateness", this study conducted a literature review of working hours and found that the game between labor and management runs through the long process of evolution of the working-hour system, and the "over" and "low" of working time both have a negative impact on labor and socio-economic development. Hence, appropriately shortening working hours is beneficial to the physical and mental health of workers and labor productivity increase. Other different factors such as gender, occupational differences, working environment, and increase or decrease in social welfare, will also affect the determination of appropriate working hours. Further in-depth research is required on issues of overwork, degree of shortened working hours, and use of flexible working hour systems.