城乡、区域就业结构性失衡及应对

城镇就业比重是衡量我国城乡、区域就业结构性差异的重要指标.研究对城镇就业比重变化、城乡和区域就业结构差异度、影响城镇就业比重的因素进行了分析.研究发现:(1)全国层面城镇就业比重稳步上升,南北方城镇就业比重同步上升,京津冀、长三角、粤港澳起步差距不大,粤港澳2012年后大幅提升;(2)全国省份间的城镇就业比重不平等呈现...

A Study on Employment Structural Imbalance of Urban-Rural and Regional Areas and Its Countermeasures

The proportion of urban employment is an important indicator to measure the structural differences in employment between urban and rural areas, as well as among different regions in our country. The current study, by analyzing the changes in the urban employment proportion, the difference in urban-rural and regional employment structure, and the factors that affect the urban employment proportion, fi nds that: 1) The proportion of urban employment at the national level has risen steadily, whilst the proportion of urban employment in northern and southern cities has increased simultaneously. The starting gap among Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, Yangtze River Delta, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not substantially large. The proportion of employment in regions of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao has increased signifi cantly after 2012; 2) The inequality in the proportion of urban employment between provinces across the country is shrinking, being similar to those of the East, Midwest and the Northeast China regions; 3) The increase in the regional GDP, the average salary of urban employees, and the number of urban health technicians per 10,000 people can signifi cantly increase the proportion of urban employment, whilst the increase in the registered unemployment rate in urban areas will signifi cantly reduce the proportion of urban employment. The study claims that the structural imbalance of urban-rural and regional employment should be optimized from aspects of transforming the development mode, developing small and medium-sized cities, and breaking the household registration system.