三位一体的人类合作之扩展秩序——哈耶克的自生自发秩序原理之述评

在哈耶克的社会发展观中,中心论题是人类合作之扩展秩序,这个秩序又被归结为自生自发秩序,而自生自发秩序由三个基本要素构成:自由、竞争和规则,其基本含义就是在一般性规则之下通过社会主体之间的自由竞争以推进社会秩序的演化。其中,自由是核心,竞争和规则都是建立在自由的基础之上,因而三者在某种程度上又是等同的,共同构成了一个三位一体的自生自发秩序理论。同时,哈耶克强调的竞争是基于自由市场的竞争,规则则是基于一般契约的法律,哈耶克毕生都在阐发市场竞争和抽象法律这两个基本机制是如何保障自生自发的社会秩序不断扩展的,因此,哈耶克的扩展秩序研究体系又可形象地归结为:一个中心,两个基本点,它为我们理解哈耶克的社会发展观以及探究社会秩序的扩展基础等问题提供了基本分析框架。

The Trinity of the Expanding Order of Human Cooperation——Review on the Spontaneous Order Principle by F.A.Hayek

Based on Hayek’s view on social development, the core theme is the expanding order of human cooperation, which can be reduced to the spontaneous order composed of three basic elements: freedom, competition and rules. It basically means that the evolvement of social order is driven by free competition among social individuals under general rules, wherein, the core is freedom, on which competition and rules are based. Therefore, the three elements are equal to some extent, comprising the trinity of the spontaneous order principle. Meanwhile, emphasizing the free market based competition and the general agreement oriented rules, Hayek devoted all his life to expounding how these two basic mechanisms of free competition and abstract laws keep the constant development of the spontaneous order. Therefore, Hayek’s research philosophy of expanding order can be vividly reduced to: one centre and two fundamentals. It offers the basic analytical frame to comprehend Hayek’s view on social development and to explore the expanding basis of social order.