代议制与公共财政——近代西方代议制宪政模式的形成及其作用机理分析

宪政包含着责任政府原则,其核心价值之一,就在于确保国家权力的公共性,以便保证国家权力用于公共服务。透视近代西方国家宪政的发展历程,就会注意到近代西方国家的宪政模式是代议制,而代议制宪政模式的作用机理又是与国家财政的公共化建构紧密联系在一起的。代议制既是近代西方国家的宪政模式,又是近代西方国家财政公共化建构的制度之基。因为,只有确保国家财政的公共化才能确保国家权力的公共性。这也正是近代西方宪政模式与其古典和中世纪时期宪政模式的不同之处:后者主要是通过司法来规制国王所代表的行政权力,表现为司法型宪政模式;而前者主要是通过议会对国家财政的公共化组建和监管,来实施对行政权力的政治规范和约束,表现为代议制型宪政模式。

The Representative Government and the Public Finance--The Function of The Representative and Responsible Government and Drawing Inspiration from It

The constitutionalism embodys responsible government in principle in order to ensure public government.Reviewing the development of the constitutionalism in the western states in the modern times,We can find that the pattern of their constitutionalism is the respresentative and responsible government.In fact,the respresentative and responsible government.is interrelated with the formation of the public finance of the national state.The respresentative and responsi-ble government.not only t is he pattern of constitutionalism,but also is the pillar of the public finance.Bcause there is a public finance in the state,there is a public power in the state.There is a defference between the pattern of constitutiona-lism in modern times and that in ancient times and the medieval times in the western world.The pattern of constitutiona-lism in ancient times and the medieval times is that administrative organ is behaved by the law.However,the pattern of constitutionalism in modern times is that administrative organ is behaved by the paliament that organized and controlled the public finance.