历史视角下劳动关系的环境因素、过程控制与目标选择

工业革命产生了劳动关系问题,解决劳动关系的问题形成了劳动过程的规则化控制。长期以来,各国产业关系主要关注的是制定和完善保护劳工的规则网络,但随着劳动条件的不断改善,世界经济却变幻莫测,使得各国政府产业关系的功能不断调整以支持国际竞争,最主要的趋势就是促使劳资合作关系进一步深化。当前发达资本主义国家盛行战略工联主义,该主义强调的是超越集体利益的目标选择:工会不应把自己的活动局限于工人的具体利益问题上,也要考虑到对国家社会经济的总体责任以及产业政策与社会政治经济政策的相互作用;工会在关心工人工资、劳动条件等问题的同时,要关心经济的发展,要参与经济社会政策的制订和协商,从整体性的角度上维护工人权益。在活动方式上主要采取沟通、协商、对话的方式,既要运用传统的集体谈判方式,也要建立工人参与,特别是劳资政三方协商机制来实现自己的目标。中国今天所面临的劳动关系环境更为复杂,因此,在重视劳动合同、集体合同制度与员工参与的同时,传统的职代会制度、联席会议、劳动争议调解制度等等制度资源对于建设和谐劳动关系的作用更应该珍惜和重视。

The Environmental Factors,Process Control and Target Selection of Labor Relations under Historical Perspective

The Industrial Revolution produced labor relations and solving problems of labor relations formed rules control of labor process. For along time, the main concern of industrial relations in countries is to develop and improve the rules network of protecting workers, but with the constantimprovement of working conditions and the vagaries of world economy, the industrial relation functions of governments continue to adjust tosupport international competition, and the main trend is to promote the further deepening of cooperation between employers and employees. Strategytrade unionism is prevailing in current developed capitalist countries, which emphasizes target selection beyond collective interests： trade union activitiesshould not be limited to the issues of their own specific interests of workers, but also taking into account the overall national socio-economic responsibilityand the interaction between industrial policies and social political and economic policies; while caring workers’wages, working conditions,union should be concerned about economic development, participate in the formulation and negotiation of economic and social policies, andsafeguard workers＇ interests from a holistic perspective. In the ways of activity, unions should mainly take communication, negotiation and dialogue;to achieve the goals, not only use traditional methods of collective bargaining, but also establish the negotiation mechanisms of workers＇ participation,especially of labor, management and government tripartite participation. The labor relations environment China faces today is more complex, therefore,while paying attention to the labor contract, collective contract system and employee participation, we should cherish and focus on the functionof traditional workers＇ congress system, joint conference, labor dispute mediation system, etc. for the construction of harmonious labor relationship.