苗族稻作与祭仪初探

据苗族史诗记载，苗族先民最初在长江中下游完成了从旱作到稻作的转换。由于战争及迁徙，打乱了苗族稻作文化发展的正常进程，继而在西南山区创造、再生出了适应地理环境的农耕梯田文化。苗放鼓社及原始祭祀，紧扣节日和农时节令，围绕稻作生产的各个环节，与稻作农耕活动融为一体，并整合、传承了鬼神崇拜、祖先崇拜及生殖崇拜等文化因子，使稻作文化与祭仪构成了一种互动共生的紧密关系。

Miao's Cultivation of Paddy and Sacrificial Rites

According to the ancient poems of Miao people, their ancestors finished the evolution from dry farming to the cultivation of paddy at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. Wars and consequential migration derailed the normal development of Miao people's cultivation of paddy, hence the terraced field cultivation emerged in the mountainous Soutwest China complying with the local geo- graphical environment. The activities of Gushe and promitive sacrificial rites of Miao people centers around festivals and farming seasons, covers various production environment, melt with cultivation of paddy, and inherit and integrate with cultural elements, such as god and ghost worship, ancestor wor- ship, and genital organ worship, forming a closely interacting relation between the cultivation of paddy and sacrificial rites.