90年代国际产业竞争对日本经济的影响

20世纪80年代末90年代初,随着冷战的结束,贸易自由化、全球化蓬勃发展,各国纷纷加强国家干预,努力提高本国产业的国际竞争力。美国政府采取扶植战略性产业、"国家出口战略"等政策措施,使美国产业的国际竞争力明显提高。欧洲工业经过革新,在传统工业和新型工业上再次位居世界前列。随着东亚产业竞争优势的出现,日本不但在传统产业而且在高技术产业上面临东亚等新型工业化国家的激烈竞争。因此,90年代美欧以及东亚产业竞争力的提高,导致日本产业竞争力相对下降,对外出口增长缓慢,日本国内出现产能过剩,从而加剧了日本经济的衰退。

Changes of International Industrial Competition and Long-term Economic Recession of Japan since 1990s

At the end of 1980s and the beginning of 1990s,with the end of the Cold War,trade liberalization and globalization boomed.Countries had to strengthen national intervention in order to improve international competitiveness of domestic industries.The United States Government adopted supporting strategic industries,"National Export Strategy" and other policy measures so that the international competitiveness of the U.S.industries had been improved significantly.European traditional and new industries once again were among the best of the successful candidates in the world through innovation.With the emergence of competitive industries in East Asia,Japan was facing fierce competition in traditional and high-tech industries from the newly industrialized countries in East Asia.Therefore,in 1990s,the United States,Europe and East Asia had improved industrial competitiveness,leading to relative decline of Japan's industrial competitiveness.So that Japanese exports grew slowly,and the excess capacity exacerbated the economic recession in Japan.