法律事实与客观事实的契合与背离——对证据制度史另一视觉的解读

神示证据制度、法定证据制度和自由心证的证据制度虽然在事实发现能力上有很大的差异,但它们都是以发现案件的客观事实为目标的,并且在绝大多数案件中,它们所认定的法律事实都能贴近案件的客观事实。但由于受认识手段的影响以及为了限制法官恣意和保护人权等多种原因,法律事实与客观事实经常发生背离。我国证据制度忽视了对法官主观随意性的限制和对人权的保护,应当予以矫正。

On the Consistency and Deviation between the Legal Fact and the Objective Fact--Another Interpretation to the History of Evidence System

The system of divinity evidence, the system of legal evidence and the system of discretional evaluation of evidence have much difference in the function of ascertaining the fact, but they all have the same goal to find the objective fact, furthermore, in most of cases the legal fact that they made out could press close to the objective fact. But because of the restriction of the cognitive method, in order to restrict the arbitrariness of the judge and protect the human rights and so on, the legal fact usually deviates from the objective fact. Our country neglects to restrict the discretion of the judge and to protect the human rights. We should redress these defects.